If you’re a U.S. citizen looking to bring your adult child to the United States as a permanent resident, the process involves several steps. While it may seem complex, understanding the requirements can make the journey smoother. Here’s a breakdown of how to petition for your adult children in 2025.
Who Qualifies as an “Adult Child”?
For immigration purposes, adult children are those who are over 21 years old and unmarried or married. The immigration process differs slightly depending on the marital status of your child:
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Unmarried Adult Children: They fall under the Family Preference Category F1 (First Preference).
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Married Adult Children: They fall under the Family Preference Category F3 (Third Preference).
Both categories are subject to annual visa limits, meaning there may be a waiting period for a visa to become available.
Step 1: File Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative
The process begins with filing Form I-130 with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). This form establishes the family relationship between you (the petitioner) and your adult child (the beneficiary).
Key Information to Include:
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Proof of U.S. citizenship (e.g., U.S. passport or naturalization certificate).
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Evidence of your relationship with your child, such as a birth certificate or adoption documents.
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Any additional documentation proving your child’s marital status.
Filing Fees and Timeline:
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As of 2025, the filing fee for Form I-130 is $535.
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Processing times can vary but generally take 6–12 months.
Step 2: Wait for Visa Availability
Family-sponsored visas are issued based on a preference system, meaning they are limited in number each year. The U.S. Department of State’s Visa Bulletin determines when a visa becomes available for your child.
Understanding Priority Dates:
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The “priority date” is the date USCIS receives your I-130 petition.
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For unmarried adult children (F1), the wait time might range from several months to a few years.
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For married adult children (F3), the wait time could extend to several years or more due to higher demand and fewer available visas.
Tip: Regularly check the Visa Bulletin for updates on your child’s category.
Step 3: File for Adjustment of Status or Consular Processing
Once a visa becomes available, your child can either adjust their status or go through consular processing, depending on their location.
If Your Child is in the U.S.:
Your child can file Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status to transition to a green card. The current filing fee for Form I-485 (as of 2025) is $1,140 plus an $85 biometrics fee.
If Your Child is Abroad:
Your child will apply for an immigrant visa through their local U.S. consulate. This process involves:
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Completing Form DS-260 online.
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Attending a consular interview.
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Paying associated fees (approximately $325).
Step 4: Attend the Immigration Interview
Whether your child is applying domestically or abroad, an immigration interview is typically required. During the interview, the officer will:
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Verify the information provided in the petition and application.
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Assess the legitimacy of the parent-child relationship.
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Ensure the applicant is not inadmissible for reasons such as criminal history or prior immigration violations.
It’s essential to prepare for this interview thoroughly, as it’s a key step in the process.
Step 5: Receive the Green Card
If all requirements are met and the application is approved, your child will receive their permanent resident card (green card). The timing for this step depends on the processing times at USCIS or the U.S. consulate.
Special Considerations for Married Adult Children
If your adult child is married, their spouse and minor children (if any) can also apply as derivative beneficiaries of the immigrant petition. Ensure their information is included in the consular processing or adjustment application.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can my child work or travel while waiting for a green card?
If your child is in the U.S. and has filed Form I-485, they can apply for:
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Employment Authorization Document (EAD) to work legally.
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Advance Parole to travel internationally without abandoning their green card application.
2. What happens if my child divorces?
If your child was married but divorces during the process, they may transition from the F3 category to the F1 category, potentially reducing the wait time for a visa.
3. How can delays in processing be addressed?
If delays occur, consider contacting USCIS, checking the Visa Bulletin, or consulting with an immigration attorney to explore options like expedited processing.
The Importance of Legal Guidance
Navigating the immigration process can be challenging. Hiring an experienced immigration attorney ensures all paperwork is accurate, timelines are adhered to, and obstacles are minimized. Legal advice is especially valuable if your child faces additional complexities, such as inadmissibility issues or changes in marital status.
Bringing your adult child to the U.S. is a significant step that requires patience and preparation. By following the outlined process and staying informed, you can successfully petition for their permanent residence.
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